Linoleum is often used for flooring. Its features are elasticity, sound insulation, hygiene and ease of handling. Laying linoleum on a wooden floor surface requires a special approach. How to lay, glue and fasten the rolled material on a wooden base, we will discuss the article.
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The building materials industry produces several types of roll flooring. All of them are suitable for laying on the floor of wood or wood materials (OSB, fiberboard, plywood or chipboard). The following types of linoleum are sold in the distribution network:
- PVC coating.
- Alkyd.
- Relin.
- Colloxylin
PVC coating
This natural flooring is made from linseed oil. PVC linoleum in terms of wear resistance is of three types:
- domestic;
- semi-commercial;
- commercial.
Domestic
The material is released in all colors and shades. You can lay linoleum on a wooden floor throughout the apartment, especially in children's rooms. Ecological coating is clean and does not emit harmful fumes. It is not afraid of moisture. The linoleum substrate enhances the heat and sound insulation properties of household flooring.
Semi-commercial
Linoleum has an average rate of wear resistance. They are better off covering floors in common areas with a small load (offices, small shops).
Commercial
This type of flooring is characterized by the highest wear resistance, withstands the movement of large human flows for 7-10 years. Commercial linoleum is laid in such public places as cinemas, restaurants, conference rooms.
Alkyd linoleum
The alkyd coating is produced through complex technical processing of vegetable oils (linseed, cotton and others). The material is durable, environmentally friendly, aesthetic, easy to clean. Linoleum has a strong felt or jute base. It is used for finishing flooring in medical, health, children's and educational institutions.
Relin
The production technology of rubber linoleum is the processing of used rubber, rubber and plastic products. Practical and cheap flooring is used in different buildings and structures. It is not used for flooring in houses and apartments. Relin is produced both in rolls and in the form of tiles.
Colloxylin
Its base is nitrocellulose filled with pigments, plasticizers and a flame retardant. Linoleum is produced without a base. It is light, plastic, moisture resistant and does not fade from direct sunlight. It is applied in residential and public buildings. Environmental friendliness allows the use of such linoleum in medical and child care facilities.
Calculation of linoleum consumption
Before buying linoleum, you need to accurately measure the floor in the room. The tape measure the length and width of the floor of the room. Do it like this:
- if the baseboard is installed in the room, it will have to be dismantled. Old planks are best discarded. A removed, relatively new, skirting board with a longitudinal liner can be installed after installing a new flooring;
- measure the lengths of both walls. Dimensions may turn out to be unequal due to violation of parallelism of building envelopes. Choose the longest length;
- the floor width is measured from the corners in increments of 1.5 m. This is done to detect curvature of the walls. The largest width is taken into account.
Having received the dimensions of the floor, they are transferred to paper. With this plan, they are sent to the building materials store. Different manufacturers supply roll material of various widths to the distribution network.The transverse roll size is 1.5–5 meters. The material can be purchased in width: 1.5; 2; 2.5; 3; 3.5; 4; 4,5 and 5 m. Graduation of 0,5 m allows you to choose the optimal roll size.
For example, the transverse maximum floor size is 3.5 m. A roll of this size did not fit in its structure, color and was too expensive.
The height of the roll of the selected flooring is 2 m. There is a problem of the longitudinal junction of two pieces of flooring. On the plan it will be possible to place two pieces along the length of the room, one of which will have to be spread along two strips of 1.5 m and 0.5 m. The seam will be at a distance of 1.5 m from one of the walls.
Experts do not recommend arranging a joint in the middle of the room. The middle of the room is subject to stress as much as possible, and from this the seam can quickly deform. It is better to make a joint with an offset to one of the walls where the furniture will stand.
To the resulting dimensions add 70 mm in length and width of the panels. If the maximum length of the room is 5 m, then two strips should be 507 cm long, 200 cm wide and 157 cm wide. This is done based on the shrinkage of the deployed roll and safety net in case of correction of measurement flaws.
Do I need a backing?
When laying it on a wooden floor, a linole underlay is necessary for several reasons:
Base alignment
Even with the most careful leveling of the wooden floor, subtle irregularities still remain. Laying the substrate under the linoleum, create a compensation coating layer. Due to the plastic structure, the substrate creates a smooth surface, which will prevent linoleum from slipping and cracking under load.
Soundproofing
Possessing high soundproofing qualities, the substrate becomes an insurmountable barrier to the penetration of noise and loud sounds coming from below. This is especially true in multi-storey buildings.
Thermal insulation
The substrate on the wooden floor prevents heat from leaking down the rooms. This is important for apartments that are located on 1 floors of houses. Non-residential premises - basements, basements and technical floors are not heated. This may be the cause of heat loss in the rooms of the 1st floor of the house. Therefore, laying the substrate under linoleum will significantly insulate the floors.
Selecting the type of substrate
The building materials trading network offers several types of substrates. All of them have high individual quality characteristics:
- jute;
- cork;
- linen;
- combined.
Jute
This is a rather coarse fabric produced from the fibers of the jute plant. Bags, ropes and rugs are made from it. In the structure of the fiber there are substances that prevent decay and burning. The jute backing is easy to lay on wooden floors.
Cork
The material is made from crumb bark of balsa wood. Such a substrate does not contain synthetic substances, which characterizes it as an environmentally friendly material. The cork supports linoleum well, keeping it even. Cork substrate should not be used in those rooms where heavy furniture will stand.
Linen
The flax fiber substrate has a porous structure, which creates good conditions for natural ventilation. In the manufacture of flax material is treated with flame retardants and antiseptics. Due to the porosity, the substrate has high heat and sound insulation characteristics.
Combined
Substrates of this kind have in their structure in equal parts flax, jute and wool. Combined material surpasses all types of substrates in quality and price.
Some types of roll coatings already have a felt, jute or fabric base. Such linoleum does not need a substrate.
Surface preparation of a wooden floor
Before laying linoleum, it is necessary to prepare the surface of the wooden floor. The point is to get a flat surface for the finish. The difficulty is that floorboards rarely have a flat surface.
Preparation of wooden floors is carried out as follows:
- Cracked and shattered floorboards are revealed. Dismantle boards and damaged logs. Install new floor elements.
- The parquet fragments requiring replacement are removed and new planks are attached or the gaps are filled with composite putty.
- Applying a rule with a length of 1.5–2 m (duralumin channel or corner) to the boardwalk in different directions, reveals the hollows and ledges of the tree.
- Depressions and small cracks putty. Small ledges are cut off with a chisel or a plane. Large areas of the subfloor are leveled with a looper.
- To strengthen and form a flat base, the floor is covered with sheets of OSB, fiberboard, chipboard or plywood. Joints of sheet material do a spin.
If the wood floor was wet, then it is necessary to identify and eliminate the cause of the phenomenon. After this, the base of the room must be dried naturally (by airing for several days) or with a heat generator.
Linoleum preparation
Linoleum is a flexible material and is sold in rolls. Expanding the roll, get the surface of the coating in the form of waves. To prepare linoleum for laying on a wooden floor, proceed as follows:
- in winter, linoleum is brought into a heated room and left for a day. This is done so that frozen material does not crack or deform during deployment;
- linoleum rolls roll out on the floor and leave them for 1 or 2 days. During this time, the coating under its own weight will completely level out;
- linoleum is cut into fragments with a construction knife, using a metal ruler, according to the cutting plan.
Styling methods
Four ways to lay linoleum on a wooden floor:
- Floating flooring.
- On double sided tape.
- Gluing.
- Fastening with nails and staples.
Floating flooring
This method is used when laying linoleum over the entire floor area in one piece. A flat cloth is laid on the floor and pressed along the perimeter of the room with a plinth.
One circumstance should be taken into account: the clamp should not be too tight.. Like any body, when the ambient temperature changes, linoleum can expand and contract. Therefore, it is necessary to clamp the coating slightly so as not to cause surface deformation during the finishing of the floor.
Double sided tape
Adhesive tape is fixed along the perimeter of the strips and along the joints. The method is used in small rooms with low traffic.
Gluing
The most common method of attaching linoleum to a wooden base is to plant panels on glue. Linoleum with textile, jute or linen base is glued with bituminous synthetic compounds. Baseless material is glued with rubber or synthetic mastics.
Fastenings with nails and brackets
This method is used in non-residential utility rooms. To do this, use the cheapest types of coverage, like religion.
Step-by-step installation instructions
After preparing the wooden base of the floor and linoleum, they begin laying the finish coating.
- Expanded linoleum rolls after exposure are smoothed from the middle to the edges.
- An allowance of 70 mm for the length and width of the linoleum strips allows you to make a coating on the walls by 2-4 cm and at the junction of the panels to make an overlap of the same size.
- Linoleum is cut along the walls, leaving a gap of about 5 mm. The overlap at the junction is cut in the middle.
- Cut the coating on the outer and inner corners of the room.
- Each canvas is bent to the middle.
- A layer of adhesive is applied to the freed floor base. For dispersion glue, a spatula with a tooth height of 0.6–0.7 mm is used, for bituminous mastic - 0.4–0.5 mm, for rubber compounds and synthetic resins - 0.3 mm.
- Glue is applied to the back side of baseless linoleum.
- The same operation is carried out with the second side of the canvas.
- The stacked panels are rolled up with a special roller.You can put any sheet material and load with suitable items.
- When gluing, make sure that no air remains in the form of bubbles under the coating. It needs to be squeezed out.
- In places where door platbands are installed, linoleum is placed under them.
- At the bottom of the doorway, at the junction of the panels of two rooms, set the threshold in the form of a smooth rail. So that the heads of the screws do not go outside, choose a model of a nut with an internal path for the caps of screws.
- Dowels are inserted into the drilled holes in the wooden floor. Self-tapping hats push into the path of the threshold. Then, with a light tapping of the rubber hammer, the threshold is beaten so that the self-tapping screws enter the dowels.
- A plinth is fastened around the perimeter of the floor. It is set so that there remains a narrow gap between it and the linoleum.
- For better fixation of the joints of the panels, the seams are welded with a polymer cord. To do this, use a special welding machine. It is a hairdryer to the nozzle, from which a welded cord is supplied.
- When laying the substrate, it is first glued to the floor, and then linoleum is glued.