When choosing a house’s designs, it is important to consider the material of the manufacture of its walls and other load-bearing elements, since they will transfer the load to the foundation soil. For example, for a light frame house, concrete floors and heavy brick partitions will not work. To understand what partitions are needed in a wooden house, you need to familiarize yourself with their varieties and features.
What is the difference between partitions and walls
Before starting work, it is necessary to master the theory. Often, non-professionals are confused with concepts such as walls and partitions (especially when it comes to redevelopment).
To clarify, the following definitions may be given:
- Bearing walls - house structures that perceive the load from the ceilings and the roof and transfer it to the foundation. These walls perform a very responsible function, therefore, they must be calculated according to the bearing capacity. The wall goes to the entire height of the floor (from floor to floor of the next), that is, as if cutting the floor slab.
- Curtain walls - structures that, as in the previous case, are laid out on the entire height of the floor, but transfer the load to the foundation only from their own weight (they do not rest on the floor or roof).
- Partitions are laid out on the height of the room (from floor to ceiling of one floor). Unlike walls, they do not rest on the foundation, but on the ceiling. They do not carry out the bearing function, they serve only as enclosing structures.
There are fewer requirements for partitions than for walls, so they can be thinner and less durable.
Features of partitions in a wooden building
To make interior partitions with your own hands in a house from a log, a bar or a frame building, you need to remember the weight and strength of the wall material. In brick houses, partitions of the same material as wall structures are often mounted. But it is important to remember that an element with a height of 2.7 m and a thickness of 1.2 m made of ceramic will weigh about 600 kg per linear meter. This is about 100 kg more than the mass of the outer wall of the timber, 300 mm thick (optimally for heating technology). That is, the wall will have more weight than its own, and if you add more overlap and a roof, the picture is not joyful. That is why it is important to remember one thing: the density of the material for the partitions should not exceed the density of the supporting walls.
The following advice can be given about the start time of the installation yourself. The interior walling should be installed only after the walls of the house shrink. If you do this earlier, the following situation will arise:
- Walls that are loaded with the weight of ceilings and roofs begin to dry out and sag.
- At the same time, the partitions shrink (if they are made of wood), but since the load on them is less than on wall fencing, the process is slower.
- The difference leads to the fact that the ceilings based on the wall structures, press on the interior fencing and lead to their deviation from the vertical, outburst and bending.
To prevent this phenomenon, you need to wait time after assembly with your own hands at home from a timber or logs. Panel and frame houses practically do not shrink, so you can install interior elements immediately after assembly.
Types of partitions and the technology of their manufacture
Partitions in a wooden house made of timber or logs, as well as frame buildings can be of the following types:
- frame and frame-panel;
- panel and carpentry;
- frameless.
All of the above types apply to wood structures. As additional options, you can make fences made of drywall or tongue-and-groove. They also have a fairly small weight and are easy to install.
To understand how to make interior elements for a house from a beam or logs with your own hands, you need to consider each type individually.
Partitions on the frame
Such partitions in a wooden house made of timber or logs can be applied at the request of the future owner, and for frame buildings they will become the most optimal option.
The manufacturing technology is as follows:
- Measurements of the room and marking on the floor, where the interior structures will be located.
- Bars of the lower harness are made, guided by the received sizes. Fasten the elements to the floor with screws or self-tapping screws.
- Next, the racks and the transverse elements of the frame are cut out according to measurements. Installing them in the design position with your own hands can be done in two ways: individually or installing the frame after assembling it on the floor. Fastenings are performed with screws or self-tapping screws. Extreme racks are fixed directly to the wall.
- The frame is wedged in the upper part and fixed with fasteners.
- After the insulation is placed between the frame elements (if it is needed for soundproofing) and the lining is performed. Sheathing can be with drywall or lining. In this case, the sheets and lining elements are cut so that their joint is in the middle of the frame rack.
Panel and joinery
To make do-it-yourself interior fencing of this type for a house of timber or logs, you need to be guided by the following procedure:
- Room measurements and layout.
- Production of wooden boards (solid) from boards with a thickness of 20-40 mm.
- On the surface of the floor and ceiling nailed the bars, which form grooves for the installation of panels. The shield can be two-layer or three-layer. In the manufacture of a three-layer structure for the inner layer, boards of smaller thickness are used.
- Collect the partition from the shields in height. Inserting them into the grooves formed by the bars.
- Sound insulation material can be laid between the layers.
The dimensions of the joinery partitions depend on the purpose. They are similar to door leafs, can be deaf or glazed.
They are made both for the entire height of the room, and with a gap of 30-50 cm from the top edge to the ceiling.
Frameless
When making the simplest designs of this type with your own hands, the work is performed in the following order:
- Room measurements and layout.
- Fastening the lower harness.
- Making on the beam strapping of the groove by nailing two bars. The groove should be equal to the thickness of the boards of the partition.
- The beam is mounted on the ceiling in a triangular shape. It will happen to be an integral part of the groove for fastening from above, so the location should correspond to the lower mount.
- Install vertical boards, starting with the one that is located against the wall. It is pressed and nailed to a triangular bar from above.
- Install all the boards in turn. The space between the individual elements is filled with tow, foam or insulating cord.
- After the installation of the boards is completed, a second triangular groove element is nailed to the ceiling.
- Perform lining of the septum.
Instead of bars for fixing to the floor and ceiling, you can use metal corners.
In order to correctly make partitions for a house from a beam or other wooden elements with your own hands, you must correctly select their type, mount them without deviations vertically and horizontally, and reliably fasten parts of the structure to each other. For production it is recommended to choose wood of the first or second grade of coniferous species. All wood is necessarily treated with antiseptics to prevent rot. Optionally, flame retardant elements can be used to increase fire resistance.